leading to maladaptation of one or both parties (Brockhurst et al., 2014; Dawkins & Krebs, 1979; Queller & Strassmann, 2018; Van Valen, 1973). These interactions may be important drivers of evolution in nature (Queller & Strassmann, 2018; Thompson, 2013). Evidence that this is so includes rapid adaptation in response to new biotic foes (Reznick & Ghalambor, 2001), molecular evolution in response to pathogens (Enard, Cai, Gwennap, & Petrov, 2016; Endo, Ikeo, & Gojobori, 1996; Tiffin, 2004), and the many examples of arms races found in nature (Benkman, Parchman, Favis, & Siepielski, 2003; Berenbaum & Zangerl, 1998; Decaestecker et al., 2007; Edger et al., 2015; Hanifin, Brodie, & Brodie, 2008; Toju, 2008) and evolved in the laboratory (Pal, Maciá, Oliver, Schachar, & Buckling, 2007;...зарегистрируйтесь или войдите чтобы иметь доступ к постам